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Now we delve into emergency procedures. I’ll start with what is called the ‘Impossible Turn’. Although not completely impossible, it’s proved to be very fatal for many pilots that have tried it.



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Check out these links on the impossible turn:
Engine Failure on Climbout Leads to Impossible Turn
Blog Post on Impossible Turn



Click the link below to reveal the English transcript for this episode!
View transcript

Aviator90 Episode 41

[music]

Man 1: [0:31] Welcome to another episode of Aviator 90 from Angle of
Attack. So we finished our cross country flights and now it is time
for some abnormal and emergency procedures. This way, I can show
you a bit of what you need to do in the event that something very
unexpected, unpredictable and dangerous happens.
[0:52] So this episode, we are going to be talking about what is
called the impossible turn. The impossible turn takes place after
you take off from a runway. It is very dangerous and not
recommended you actually do turn. We will see why here in a second.
Let’s jump right in the cockpit and I’ll show you, first, what not
to do.

[1:15] So here we are on the runway and I’m going to perform a
takeoff, just like any other day. You can imagine that this isn’t
really going to be a takeoff like any other day, but you can
pretend like it is. So we’re just going down the runway as usual
here, keeping center line and dancing the center line on that
takeoff. So here comes the rotate speed. Just let back or so,
nicely.

[1:43] And then, just like any other takeoff, you’re going to climb
straight ahead or even turn to a heading to where you are going.
This is your typical departure; you take off, track center line,
and you head out. There’s really nothing to it. Now, the aircraft
is just climbing normally. No great climb rate out of it, even down
here, sea level. So really, everything, so far, is going as
expected and we are heading to our destination, which I honestly
don’t know where it is today because I am not planning on getting
there.

[2:31] So, we are probably about three or four miles from the
airport now, maybe even less. And we just had an engine failure.
The natural instinct for a pilot is to turn back where he just came
from, to the runway. So I’m going to get a favorable air speed
here. We could have stalled out, but I knew it was coming so I
pushed the nose forward. If you were facing this in real life or
just unexpectedly, it would probably take longer to react because
you’d be in shock. So, turning back toward the airport here. We
haven’t yet fallen out of the sky and, typically, in the real
world, that would have already happened and that’s why it’s very
dangerous. Generally, you want to land straight ahead. I’ll show
you why you don’t want to go back to the runway here.

[3:28] So we are trying to limp our way back, just trying to milk
that air speed and get there and it’s not working out. We are
definitely not going to make it back to the air field no matter how
hard we try. And lights out – you just crashed. And, more than
likely, you and everyone else onboard is fatally injured. That’s
how serious this procedure is. You guys don’t mess around and you
choose to pick an air field in front of you, or at least within 45
degrees, or so, of your field of vision.

[4:09] So let’s see how it should be done now. And we will go
through the normal procedure of an engine failure after takeoff.
This will show you guys exactly what the safe way of doing it is.
And although this isn’t a favorable situation, it’s not what you
want to happen to you, it’s something that you just have to deal
with. So, I’ll just continue to bump down the runway here and here
comes the takeoff. Nice and fun there.

[4:43] As usual, just like the last video, I am climbing straight
ahead on a straight outbound departure at my climb air speed. I’m
getting a pretty good climb out of it now. I’m getting 1500 feet
per minute, which isn’t bad at all. There’s still full power. I’m
just continuing along. It’s a pretty typical departure, just like
the last one – nothing special, nothing’s out of the ordinary,
nothing is expected.

[5:21] There goes the engine again. Now, what do you do? You push
forward, as always. You get that glide air speed out of your
aircraft. And you have no choice but to pick something in front of
you. I see power lines directly in front of me. I could go to the
right, but I’m going to go to the left here. I definitely don’t
want to be messing with those power lines. And I have no choice now
but to pick a road or a field. So I see that nice hay field to the
right there, the light one, and I’m going to land there.

[5:52] That looks perfect for what I need to do. It’s beyond the
river so I don’t have a chance of overrunning into the river. There
aren’t any power lines nearby. No trees. So now we are just in
panic – not necessarily panic mode. I don’t want you guys to panic,
but we are in an intense situation where you’ve got to focus your
skills and get the aircraft down.

[6:13] So once you know you have absolutely made the air field and
you can get there, you can put in your flaps. Do that now, if you
haven’t already. And then we will just slowly, ever so slowly, come
down here. More than likely, your wheels are going to dig into the
ground, but, more than likely, also, you and everyone else on board
will be OK. So just ever so softly, just like a soft field landing,
and there we go. And we can roll out nicely.

[6:43] And that is the way that an emergency landing after takeoff
should be done. Word to the wise, do not do an impossible turn. I
hope you guys learned a thing or two from this lesson. It’s a
pretty important lesson to learn. You should just land straight
ahead and deal with the consequences there rather than try to turn
back to the runway and ruin everything for everybody.

[7:12] That’s it for this episode. I hope you guys enjoyed it. Next
time I will be teaching you guys more about off-field landing and
emergency landings. But this time, that will be en route. So until
next time, throttle on.

Transcription by CastingWords




Please comment or ask a question! We would love to hear from you.

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  • Mark

    Very useful – I think most of the GA accidents I’ve heard about have been down to this. The temptation to get back to the airfield must be really strong in the heat of the moment…

    • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

      Totally unfortunate. One of those mind games we face as aviators.

      • Charles Earl

        Speaking of Mind Games…

        Would this sound appropraite? If you know the best glide for your plane is 500 ft/min as an example, would you always quickly ask yourself…

        In the event of an engine out, How many minutes do I have? Current altitude / 500 = minutes to the ground. Roughly. Variables being how long it takes you to establish best glide configuration I am guessing. Trim for decent (guessing this is close to T/O setting, removal of flaps, gear until the last minute. Things like that.

        Example: The ground below me is varying but mainly at 2000 ft MSL. I am at 8,500. By the time I sort myself out and pan around for best landing area, I have about 10 minutes to touch down? I bet that’s the fastest 10 minutes of your life.

        Charles.

        • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

          Sure, you should do a calculation like that if 500 feet per minute is what you wanted to shoot for, but you actually shoot for an airspeed and not vertical speed. The calculation you are doing there is perfect for planning a regular descent, however.

          Priority on an engine out is the fine the field and land. Sometimes that may even mean doing a pretty steep descent in order to make the airport in one shot, rather than circling around.

          Does that help answer your question?

          • Charles Earl

            Makes perfect sense! :) Thanks.

        • http://www.eaahighriver.org Paul Gregory

          Hi Charles,

          As Chris says, it is the airspeed you set, not the vertical descent rate.

          V(glide) = or best glide speed is a number you have to memorize for the type of plane you fly (it is in the POH). At the height you give in your example, you actually do have enough time to go through the full emergency procedures (Aviate, Communicate, Navigate) and even “cause check.” At lower altitudes, we follow an abbreviated list that cover off the highest priority items. Whether you get hurt depends on the landing surface and landing technique. In training we call these “Forced Approaches” and it is something I make sure I practice every six months.

  • Ralston

    Nice. Exactly what I would have picked as the first emergency procedure to teach… and a smart one at that.

    Also appreciated the floatplane tips… thanks!

    • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

      You’re welcome! Glad you enjoyed them.

  • Charles Earl

    Being a soft field proceedure, would you maintain back pressure on the yoke even after the nose wheel is in the grass already? To try and keep weight off the nose as much as possible so the wheel does not get dug in? Like grass taxiing?

    Charles.

    • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

      Yes, keeping back pressure even after the aircrafts front wheel has touched down will help.

  • http://ehangar.net Timothy

    I always used to try to turn back too! Great episode! Thanks!!

  • KaCe

    Great Episode , wow! I really Enjoyed that. Great Landing by the way…..

    A question to you… Not all airfield after immediate departure have terrain or land, I think a good example of this is of Captain Chesley Sullenberger, he lost thrust in both engines at 1500ft AGL , (correct me if Im wrong). He could not make it to any neighboring airports as they were a few options available to him. In the end he choose to land the aircraft into the Hudson. So I guess my question is what the case if its sea out in front?

    Cheers
    Kace

    • http://www.eaahighriver.org Paul Gregory

      Hi Kace,

      This is a fantastic analysis of the Hudson landing – done by a gentleman I know.

      http://www.exosphere3d.com/pubwww/pages/project_gallery/cactus_1549_hudson_river.html

      If it is sea or water in front of the landing strip, then I’d turn 90 degrees to be as close to the shore as possible. Water is not a good thing unless you have floats…

      • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

        I’m still inspired by this. What a flight crew…

  • Tome

    Chris, how about if you lost engine power while in the pattern, say midfield on the downwind leg? You would be at 1000ft, a mile from the runway…? What would be your best option?

    Great episode!

    Cheers,
    Tome

    • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

      You could probably make the runway. In commercial operations they practice what is called power off 180′s where they pull the power on downwind and coast in. Also, since the airport is right there, I’d much rather land even on a taxi way if I had to than on a roadway. The airport area is always clear of powerlines and things of that nature too. The airport is right there, and I’d use it.

      Keep in mind this is not something I keep in the back of my head. I don’t really look for the airport. I look for the best suitable landing spot and I just made up that answer when you asked it. Basically you want to be able to evaluate the options very quickly and decide. In this case (without seeing the rest of the scenery around me) I can’t imagine why the airport wouldn’t be a good place to put down.

    • http://www.eaahighriver.org paul Gregory

      Actually this exact scenario is practiced in Canada as part of your training before you go solo. The instructor shows it first, then its your turn. It teaches you to keep your circuits (er pattern) within gliding distance to the airport. And yes, the procedure is to turn to the nearest threshold and land… I’ve done it but it takes practice…

      Sorry for all the posts!

  • http://klaassmink@xs4all.nl Klaas

    Chris,
    Prop yes or no in fearthered pitch at an emergency landing?

    Cheers,
    Klaas.
    The Netherlands

    • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

      Uh, I’m not super familiar with twins but I think a feathered prop is only part of an aircraft with twin engines. I don’t think you can feather a single prop. Also, I don’t usually pull it back, although it’s not a bad idea. The higher RPM (or forward) your prop is set, the more drag is produces.

      • http://www.eaahighriver.org Paul Gregory

        I can’t think of a piston single or twin GA plane that can feather the props either. Some turboprop planes can feather the props though. Most GA variable pitch props use oil pressure from the engine to change the pitch, so if the engine fails, pulling the prop back wouldn’t work anyway.

        Chris, good intro to the world of emergency procedures and to avoid the 180. One number aviators must memorize is “best glide speed” (you briefly mentioned it in the second half). As soon as the failure occurs get the plane set up and trimmed for the best glide immediately to extend your options… sometimes hard to do when so close to the ground. As part of my passenger briefing just before take-off, I tell them what I will do should the engine fail on take-off (including telling them to unlatch the door prior to touchdown).

        I don’t know what your training was like but we covered a lot of emergency training when I learned to fly (Aviate, Communicate, Navigate).

        • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

          Great point. I boiled over that a bit too fast. Certainly the most important thing, isn’t it?

  • Ron

    Chris…

    funny you brought this procedure up…

    a week or so ago, i was flying FS in the Beaver, when i lost power (weird, because i don’t think i have simulated failures set up in FS). first thing that came to me was shock. up to this point in my FS experience, i hadn’t really ran scenarios through my mind for a/c failures (no need for that, it’s a simulator, right? lol).

    i was over land, not near a runway, so that option wasn’t there. i don’t recall at what alititude i was…i was up a few thousand feet for sure…so, as my prop’s hangin’ in the wind, i checked the fuel tanks. got fuel. moved the throttle back and forth, no response…well, where do i go? first thing i did was look around on the ground for an area that had no human population and for what i figured would hopefully be the hardest soil to try to put her down on (dunno if this is a dumb thought or not, but i figured farming soil would be bad, it’s the softest, thus not the ‘best’, right?). so, i fixed my eyes on a spot, and like you said, ‘committed’ myself to it. i did try to fly some kinda pattern to that ‘committed’ spot and i successfully landed. oh, what i didn’t think of was that the spot i chose was as close as possible to my position (which i think is a normal reaction), so when i shot for it, i had to lose alot of altitude, which gained me more speed, which caused me to have to circle to area to bleed off speed so i could eventually land…lol.

    but, i must admit, it was a ‘departure’, lol, from my normal flying experience and i felt pretty good for it! maybe i’ll set up some random failure stuff in FS for future flights…

    anyhow, thank you again Chris!

    safe real plane flying to you young aviator!

    Throttle On! ron… :)

    • http://www.flyaoamedia.com/ Chris Palmer

      Wow! What as AWESOME experience!

      You are perfectly right. A newly plowed field would be soft and the aircraft would dig in, for sure. However, this may be better than other options as well, so keep that in mind. GREAT thinking there, though. Very smart

      Your other observations are also great. Stuff like that teaches you more than a book (or video) ever will. Once you’re there experiencing it, it’s a whole different story.

  • http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=640393191 Emir Sabljakovic

    What if you are in a heavily populated area without any open field area like that?

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